![]() J ust three years ago, the South Korean filmmaker Bong Joon Ho took the stage at the Golden Globes to accept the Best Foreign Language Film award for Parasite and made a heartfelt speech urging us all to watch more stuff with subtitles. ![]() Then one night a few weeks ago, I walked into the bedroom to find my wife watching Abbott Elementary with the subtitles on. ![]() The widespread use of subtitles felt, to me, like a lurch backward toward the silent-film era. On the other: our friends and spouses, people who just want to follow the plot. On one side: people like me, the purists and refuseniks. On one side: the bombastic visual effects of post– Game of Thrones mega-budget TV. A war is raging in living rooms and bedrooms across America-a Great Subtitle War. ![]() I grew alarmed by the way subtitles seem to be creeping into our homes-an addictive substance like TikTok, which, by the way, deserves some blame for this shift, conditioning multiple generations to watch content with text plastered all over it. Following the story is the most important thing, he told me recently when I asked him about it for this article, and if you’re getting knocked out of the story because you can’t follow the dialogue, then by all means turn on the subtitles. Surely a screen actor like Ken would be aghast at the notion of so many people choosing to miss so much of the detail and nuance that he builds into his performances? But I was too stunned to judge.īoth of them have spent their entire adult lives working in movies, television, theater-the visual arts, where voice and imagery are sacrosanct tools of communication with the audience. She said it almost like a confession, as if bracing for judgment. They watch almost everything now with the subtitles on, she told us, even Ken’s own show, which is full of rapid-fire financial jargon coming at you in about a dozen languages and a riot of accents. Ken is a cast member on the HBO series Industry, and Nancy works in New York theater production, and they’re both a bit older than us-squarely Gen X. Then, a couple of months later, over New Year’s Eve, my wife and I were about to start watching Don’t Look Up with another couple, Ken Leung and Nancy Bulalacao, when Nancy asked if we minded her turning on the subtitles. For the life of me I couldn’t understand how this didn’t drive everyone else crazy too. We left the subtitles on that night, and I noticed that even though I knew every word of Clueless (or maybe it was The Goonies), I was still reading along. This monologue was all internal, though, because I’m in my mid-40s and don’t want to sound like an old man shouting at a cloud. They’re not for fluent English speakers watching something in fluent English. Subtitles serve an important purpose for people with hearing or cognitive impairments, or for translation from a foreign language. My soul can’t bear the notion of someone watching The Sopranos for the first time and, as Tony wades into the pool, looking down to the bottom of the screen to read. Because now, instead of focusing my attention on the performances, the costumes, the cinematography, the painstakingly mixed sound, and how it all works together to tell a story and transport me into an alternate world, my eyes keep getting yanked downward to read words I can already hear. All that came out, though, was: Why? They don’t like missing any of the dialogue, he said, and sometimes it’s hard to hear, or someone is trying to sleep, or they’re only half paying attention, and the subtitles are right there waiting to be flipped on, so … why not?īecause now I’m reading TV, not watching it. Now, I don’t like to think of myself as a snob-snobs never do-but in that moment, I felt something gurgling up my windpipe that can only be described as snobbery, a need to express my aesthetic horror at the needless gashing of all those scenes. “Oh,” the husband said, “we always leave the subtitles on.” “Oh,” I said as the opening scene began, “you left the subtitles on.” Our younger neighbors had come over with their kids and a projector for backyard movie night- Clueless, I think, or maybe The Goonies. The first time it happened, I assumed it was a Millennial thing. This article was featured in One Story to Read Today, a newsletter in which our editors recommend a single must-read from The Atlantic, Monday through Friday.
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![]() ![]() Scientists hope the new technique will enable extensive research into DNA repair aboard the ISS. This particular technique focuses on DNA damage known as double-strand break, which is a particularly harmful type. The technique allows the DNA repair mechanisms to be observed in better detail than is possible with non-specific damage using radiation or other sources. The process uses CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to create precise damage in DNA strands to allow DNA repair mechanisms to be observed. Now astronauts aboard the ISS have developed a new method for studying DNA repair in yeast cells that can be conducted completely in space. Until now, technological and safety obstacles have limited research into the issue. NASA is working hard on studying DNA repair in space because astronauts traveling outside of the atmosphere have an increased risk of DNA damage due to ionizing radiation. However, there are multiple natural strategies inside cells that allow damaged DNA to be repaired. PLoS ONE 16 (6): e0253403 doi: 10.1371/ both humans and animals, damaged DNA can lead to cancer. A CRISPR-based assay for the study of eukaryotic DNA repair onboard the International Space Station. The study was published online in the journal PLoS ONE. “These developments fill our team with hope in humanity’s renewed quest to explore and inhabit the vast expanse of space.” “It’s not just that we successfully deployed novel technologies like CRISPR genome editing, PCR, and nanopore sequencing in an extreme environment, but also that we were able to integrate them into a functionally complete biotechnology workflow applicable to the study of DNA repair and other fundamental cellular processes in microgravity,” Dr. The scientists successfully demonstrated the viability of their novel method on cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae aboard the ISS. “Second, because the DSB is generated at a precise location in the genome, any changes in DNA sequence following repair can be easily identified and tracked using methods previously validated on the International Space Station (ISS), namely, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing.” Scientists at the University of California, Riverside, have gene-edited tomatoes to have tinier leaves and stems, which could make them more a productive crop for farmers with limited space to grow food. “First, this system does not utilize radiation or other reagents that cause widespread, non-specific DNA damage and are unsafe to use during spaceflight.” The deleterious effects of space radiation on the human body may justify even the most radical forms of HE, which may incorporate gene editing. Using CRISPR technology, California researchers have developed a tinier tomato plant for growth in space. “Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to study DNA repair in space has several advantages over previously established models,” the researchers said. The method focuses on a particularly harmful type of DNA damage known as a double-strand break (DSB). Sebastian Kraves of MiniPCR Bio and his colleagues uses CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology to create precise damage to DNA strands so that DNA repair mechanisms can then be observed in better detail than would be possible with non-specific damage via radiation or other causes. Therefore, which specific DNA-repair strategies are employed by the human body in space may be particularly important. Such DNA damage may lead to cancer and other detrimental health effects, raising questions about the safety of long-duration space travel. Image credit: NASA.Īstronauts traveling beyond the protective boundaries of Earth’s magnetosphere are at an increased risk of DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Astronaut Christina Koch plating Saccharomyces cerevisiae following transformation. On the other hand, modern scholars have advised that we treat Diogenes' testimonia with care, especially when he fails to cite his sources: "Diogenes has acquired an importance out of all proportion to his merits because the loss of many primary sources and of the earlier secondary compilations has accidentally left him the chief continuous source for the history of Greek philosophy". The work by which he is known, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers ( Greek: Βίοι καὶ γνῶμαι τῶν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ εὐδοκιμησάντων Latin: Vitae Philosophorum), was written in Greek and professes to give an account of the lives and sayings of the Greek philosophers.Īlthough it is at best an uncritical and unphilosophical compilation, its value, as giving us an insight into the private lives of the Greek sages, led Montaigne to write that he wished that instead of one Laërtius there had been a dozen. Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers Dionysiou monastery, codex 90, a 13th-century manuscript containing selections from Herodotus, Plutarch and (shown here) Diogenes Laertius In addition to the Lives, Diogenes refers to another work that he had written in verse on famous men, in various metres, which he called Epigrammata or Pammetros (Πάμμετρος). It is by no means certain that he adhered to any school, and he is usually more attentive to biographical details. At one point, he even seems to refer to the Pyrrhonists as "our school." On the other hand, most of these points can be explained by the way he uncritically copies from his sources. He is impartial to all schools, in the manner of the Pyrrhonists, and he carries the succession of Pyrrhonism further than that of the other schools. He passionately defends Epicurus in Book 10, which is of high quality and contains three long letters attributed to Epicurus explaining Epicurean doctrines. It has been suggested that Diogenes was an Epicurean or a Pyrrhonist. A disputed passage in his writings has been used to suggest that it was Nicaea in Bithynia. His home town is unknown (at best uncertain, even according to a hypothesis that Laertius refers to his origin). The prevailing modern theory is that "Laertius" is a nickname (derived from the Homeric epithet Diogenes Laertiade, used in addressing Odysseus) used to distinguish him from the many other people called Diogenes in the ancient world. Another suggestion is that one of his ancestors had for a patron a member of the Roman family of the Laërtii. Stephanus of Byzantium refers to him as "Διογένης ὁ Λαερτιεύς" ( Diogenes ho Laertieus), implying that he was the native of some town, perhaps the Laerte in Caria (or another Laerte in Cilicia). The origin of the name "Laertius" is also uncertain. He is also referred to as "Laertes" or simply "Diogenes". The modern form "Diogenes Laertius" is much rarer, used by Stephanus of Byzantium, and in a lemma to the Greek Anthology. The ancient manuscripts invariably refer to a "Laertius Diogenes", and this form of the name is repeated by Sopater and the Suda. The precise form of his name is uncertain. Hence he is assumed to have flourished in the first half of the 3rd century, during the reign of Alexander Severus (222–235) and his successors. ![]() His work makes no mention of Neoplatonism, even though it is addressed to a woman who was "an enthusiastic Platonist". 200), whom he mentions, and before Stephanus of Byzantium and Sopater of Apamea (c. Laërtius must have lived after Sextus Empiricus (c. Due to the loss of so many of the primary sources on which Diogenes relied, his work has become the foremost surviving source on the history of Greek philosophy. ![]() However, unlike many other ancient secondary sources, Diogenes Laërtius generally reports philosophical teachings without attempting to reinterpret or expand on them, which means his accounts are often closer to the primary sources. He also frequently focuses on trivial or insignificant details of his subjects' lives while ignoring important details of their philosophical teachings and he sometimes fails to distinguish between earlier and later teachings of specific philosophical schools. His reputation is controversial among scholars because he often repeats information from his sources without critically evaluating it. Nothing is definitively known about his life, but his surviving Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers is a principal source for the history of ancient Greek philosophy. 3rd century AD) was a biographer of the Greek philosophers. For other people named Diogenes, see Diogenes (disambiguation).ĭiogenes Laërtius ( / d aɪ ˌ ɒ dʒ ɪ n iː z l eɪ ˈ ɜːr ʃ i ə s/ dy- OJ-in-eez lay- UR-shee-əs Greek: Διογένης Λαέρτιος, Laertios fl. ![]() Following several years of investment in plant optimizations, the major producers have gained some significant cost savings. Liquid Asphalt, Slow Curing Type, SC-800 weighs 984.97 kg/m³ (61. The average cobalt all-in sustaining cost, or AISC, dropped 20 year over year in 2020, from 12.14 per pound in 2019 to 9.70/lb, with mill costs decreasing the most, by 1.42/lb. Calculate how much of this gravel is required to attain a specific depth in a cylindrical, quarter cylindrical or in a rectangular shaped aquarium or pond List of these foods starting with the highest contents of Total lipid (fat) and the lowest contents of Total lipid (fat) Gravels, Substances and OilsĬaribSea, Freshwater, Eco-Complete Planted, Black weighs 865 kg/m³ (54.00019 lb/ft³) with specific gravity of 0.865 relative to pure water. GREEN PIGEON PEAS, UPC: 852118007002 weigh(s) 275 grams per metric cup or 9.2 ounces per US cup, and contain(s) 100 calories per 100 grams (≈3.53 ounces) Ģ09328 foods that contain Total lipid (fat). Last accessed: 8 August 2023 ( paid link). Published by McGraw-Hill Professional 1 edition (November 20, 2002). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals by Pradyot Patnaik (Author). Last accessed: 29 August 2020 ( paid link) Published by Butterworth-Heinemann 2nd edition (December 9, 1997). Last accessed: 29 August 2020 (.gov/compound). The cobalt price rose by 10 in November, breaking through 30 per pound for the first time since the end of 2018, according to Benchmark’s Cobalt Price Assessment. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. National Center for Biotechnology Information U.S. Selecting a unit of weight or volume from a single drop-down list, allows to indicate a price per entered quantity of the selected unit. The compounds and materials price calculator performs conversions between prices for different weights and volumes.the average cobalt spot price in the United States was 31 U.S. Cobalt diiodide hexahydrate weighs 2 900 kg/m³ (181.04109 lb/ft³) The futures price of cobalt ranged between 28,000 and 82,000 U.S.Cobalt difluoride, tetrahydrate weighs 2 220 kg/m³ (138.59007 lb/ft³).Price available for United States & Canada. Cobalt carbonyl weighs 1 780 kg/m³ (111.12177 lb/ft³) Check 30-day price chart for Cobalt and learn when to hold or sell your scrap metal.A few materials, substances, compounds or elements with a name containing, like or similar to Cobalt:.Cobalt is a trace element that is a component of vitamin B12.Boiling Point (BP), Cobalt changes its state from liquid to gas at 3100☌ (5612☏ or 3373.15K).Melting Point (MP), Cobalt changes its state from solid to liquid at 1495☌ (2723☏ or 1768.15K).In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 555.61 pound per cubic foot, or 5.14 ounce per cubic inch. density of cobalt is equal to 8 900 kg/m³ at 20☌ (68☏ or 293.15K) at standard atmospheric pressure. Cobalt weighs 8.9 gram per cubic centimeter or 8 900 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e.C/20 = Z (20 is part of the formula for all size fireplaces) 4. Multiply this dimension (A) by the depth of fireplace (B). Measure across the center not the front opening. C x D = Total pounds of glass recommendedįireplace 1. ![]() Measure Length and width of inside of fire pit to be filled. C x D = Total pounds of glass recommended B / 25 = C (25 is part of the formula used for all round firepits) 4. It is also very safe to use, and is the result of a special process which allows the glass to last a lifetime!įire pit & Fireplace Glass Formula (All measurements should be in inches) Replace dated fire pit logs, lava rock and decor with a new modern look Fire glass is a versatile fire media that can be utilized in many different types of fire features, ranging from fire pits, fireplaces, fire bowls, home and vase decor and more! What makes this fire glass stand out from the rest is its large size that makes it appealing in the day or night! It will add style and beauty to your fire feature. Premium quality polished glass! Tempered, safe and for indoor / outdoor use! 1/2" - 3/4" Fire Glass creates a beautiful glow. Replace dated fire pit logs, lava rock and decor with a new modern look!ġ/2" - 3/4" Premium Fire Glass for Fireplace and Fire Pit.½"-3/4" fire glass is general in size as no two pieces are the same.Tempered, and safe for indoor / outdoor use!.Premium large polished glass create beautiful glow of the flame!.But starting in 2017, following the scandal, there has been a general increasing trend in daily rhodium prices. Due to the low price, rhodium mining activity decreased in line with this lower demand. Price Per Pound - Order Quantity = Number of Pounds Prior to 2016, aside from the 2008 run-up to 10,000, the average rhodium price was 800 USD per Troy Ounce. If we focus on what works, oftentimes what didn’t work will simply drop away in subsequent writing.įor more help with freewriting, click here.įind more Friday Freewrite prompts on our blog.įor Julie's hand-lettered Freewriting PDF sign up here. Positive feedback helps kids (and moms!) to be willing to risk again.After the death of the Prophet (pbuh) Muslims were governed by Caliphs one after another until the Khilafah was dismantled in 1924 in Turkey. Islamic history begins from the 1 st Hijra, the year Muhammad (pbuh) immigrated from Makkah to Medina to form an Islamic State. Notice a concrete aspect of the writing that you like (for instance, a clever word pair, vivid detail, a surprising vocabulary word). Next notice one aspect of the content you will remember from the freewrite. Ten Khutbah Topics for your Congregation.When a child takes the risk to share his or her writing, two principles ought to be followed in responding to writing: You may be surprised when they finally ask you to read what they wrote! Let them experience the power of writing for themselves as the primary audience before you start reading their writing. Allow your children the opportunity to write without risk. Let the writing happen and then put it away. One way to begin is to freewrite each week for a limited time, without anyone sharing their writing. But I recommend that when you do ask kids to share, parents share as well. Each person has full ownership over his or her writing so you are free to share it or not with each other. Therefore, I strongly encourage that freewriting is done by kids and parents together. ![]() It really helps!Īnother Brave Writer principle is that writing goes better if everyone takes the same risks. ![]() Everyone ought to freewrite together, including mom. ![]() Use the Friday Freewrite as a time to explore new topics, to journal or to draft if you are in the middle of a writing project. Freewriting is the tool that helps novice writers as well as it helps professional writers make written self-expression as natural as speech. Becoming comfortable with written self-expression happens naturally when we are given the freedom to make mistakes, explore our thoughts and ideas in a supportive environment, and when we have the opportunity to pay more attention to what we want to say than how we are going to say it. The term “freewriting” comes from Peter Elbow, author of Writing with Power.īrave Writer is founded on the idea that we're all writers. Funny Picture Writing Prompts - Great for Fun Friday Activities or Centers. Learn About Our Cyber Monday Sale Why is Cyber Monday So Great Join Elegant Themes and get our biggest discount of all time, a. It’s the vehicle by which we trick our inner selves into divesting the words and ideas that we want to share but are afraid won’t come out right on paper if we do. As a result we pair "Freewriting" with "Fridays." But you don't have to! Amazingly, freewriting works any day or the week just as well.įreewriting is that wonderful key that unlocks the writer within. Introduction to bandits by Alex Slivkins.Bandit algorithms by Tor Lattimore and Csaba Szepesvari.At the time we resisted the temptation to name the survey “modern banditology”, which was indeed the right call given how much this “modern” picture has evolved over the decade! It is truly wonderful to now end the decade with two new iterations on the work we did in that survey: I started out this decade with the project of writing a survey of the multi-armed bandit literature, which I had read thoroughly during the graduate studies that I was about to finish. After that, we will see, maybe more neural networks, maybe more bandits, maybe some non-convex optimization …. The next video will be about basic properties of tensors, and how it can be used for smooth interpolation (in particular in the context of our law of robustness conjecture). Randomized smoothing for certified robustness : Finally, in the first video chronologically, I explain the only known technique for provable robustness guarantees in neural networks that can scale up to large models.I explain the strategy we devised with Thomas Budzinski to solve this problem (for the stochastic version) without *any* collision at all between the players. Specifically it is about the cooperative multiplayer multiarmed bandit problem. ![]() Coordination without communication : This video is the only one in the current series where I don’t talk at all about neural networks.Memorization with small neural networks : I explain old (classical combinatorial) and new (NTK style) construction of optimally-sized interpolating two-layers neural networks.Provable limitations of kernel methods : I give the proof by Zeyuan Allen-Zhu and Yuanzhi Li that there are simple noisy learning tasks where *no kernel* can perform well while simple two-steps procedures can learn.This would prove that overparametrization is *necessary* for robustness. ![]() ![]() A law of robustness for neural networks : I explain the conjecture we recently made that, for random data, any interpolating two-layers neural network must have its Lipschitz constant larger than the squareroot of the ratio between the size of the data set and the number of neurons in the network.Since the beginning of the pandemic I have been recording home videos of what would have been typically blog posts, with currently 5 such videos: ![]() In other news, as is evident from the 10 months hiatus in blogging, I have taken elsewhere (at least temporarily) my need for rapid communication about theorems that currently excite me. When I started communicating online broadly (blog, twitter) I promised myself to keep it strictly about science (or very closely neighboring topics), so the few lines above is all I will say about the current worldwide situation. And it might very well be that the worst of 2020 is ahead of us, especially for those of us currently in the USA. The rate at which paradigm shifting events have been happening in 2020 is staggering. My latest post on this blog was on December 30th 2019. We carry tee shirts, custom golf shirts, long sleeve shirts, t shirts for men, mens polo shirts, casual shirts for men, and lots of other custom tee shirts. Q: What kind of Sedona Men's Comfort Colors® T-Shirts do you carry?Ī: We carry a diverse selection of the softest and most comfortable Sedona Men's Comfort Colors® T-Shirts you’ll find on the internet! Most of our Sedona Men's Comfort Colors® T-Shirts are made from comfortable cotton, although some is polyester and tri-blend material. 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Check the rice after two and a half hours and continue to cook if it is still too hard.
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